VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

Build Up :
Attic =People store things in the attic.

Ballroom =A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room =A small room used for storage.
Cellar =Underneath the house.
Cloakroom =A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory = A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.

Dining Room =A room where people eat.
Drawing Room =A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.

Games Room = A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall = The entrance passage to a house.

Larder =A small room used for the storage of food.

Library =A room where books are kept.

Lounge =Another name for living room.

Music Room =A room where people play music.

Office =A room where people work.

Pantry =A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour =Old fashioned word for living room.

Sitting Room =Another name for living room.

Spare Room/Guest Room =A room where guests sleep.

Toilet = A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)

Utility Room =A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

Formal expressions:
- I wonder if you remember.....
- You remember...., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
- Don’t you remember.....?
- Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know.....
- It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
- I’m affraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example..
It was Sunday morning, Cinta got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Cinta : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Cinta : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals in the past form

Modals
present	Past
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

1. Could + Verb base

ô to offer suggestions or possibilities

Example:

Patrick : Oh, no! I left my shorts.

Spongebob : Don’t worry, Patrick. You could borrow my shorts.

Asmi : I’m having trouble with English.

Randah : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.

ô to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.

Example:

Tasya : Ras, can you climb the durian tree?

Rasya : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young.

But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.

Mia : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?

Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river

very well and faster.

ô to express polite requests

Example: Could I borrow your pencil (please)?

Could you lend me your jacket now?

Could you please close the door?

Could you pass the salt?

2. Would + Verb base

ô for an action that was repeated regularly in the past

Example:

When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.

On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.

ô insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences

Example:

Justin : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?

Eminem : I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Angel : Which country would you rather visit?

Maria : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.

ô to express polite requests

Example:

Andi : Would you mind cycling with me, Kala?

Kala : No, not at all. It would be nice.

Mikola : Would you please pass the helmet, Bella?

Bella : No problem

3. Should + Verb base

ô to give definite advice (advisability)

Example:

Bunda : Putri, you should study tonight.

You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?

Putri : I will, Bunda.

Debby : You should paint your door, Bobby. It looks terrible.

Bobby : Yes, I know I should.

ô to express the subject’s obligation or duty

Example: You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)

They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.

Application should be sent before March 25^th.

4. Might + Verb base

ô to tell possibilities

Example:

David : Where is Deddy?

Copperfield : He might be in the studio with Kalina.

ô To express polite requests

Example:

Tian : Might I borrow your coat?

Ringgo : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for weeks and

I don’t know when he’ll return it.

INVITATION

- Invitation is wishes from someone that contains by news or information to other people in order she/he can accept it throughhabitual in fact or not.

- Invitation tells about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity.

- How to invite the someone

• I would like to...
• We would be pleased if you could...
• Would you like to...?
• Shall we...?
• How about...?
• If you don't mind, please come to my house tomorrow
• Let's have dinner together with me tonight
• Would you mind coming to my birthday party ?

- How to accept an invitation ?

• Thank you. Yes, I would like to...
• Yes, I would. Thanks..
• That would very nice. Thank you.
• All right
• OK
• I will come
• I would love to...
• Why not ?

- How to refusing/declining an invitation ?

• I would love to, but...
• That's nice. Unfortunately...
• That's great. However...
• That's very kind of you, but...
• Sorry that wouldn't be possible. Thanks anyway.
• I can't for now because I'm busy
• I'm afraid I can't

Example in the dialogue :
Pamela : Hi ! I have a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come ?
Mita : That sound be fun !
Pamela : How about you, Gita ?
Gita : Actually, I want to join, but unfortunately I can't..
Pamela : Oh..That's fine.

Gaining attention

Gaining Attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

Usually gaining attention use in order our friends that speak with we, attention to us. Gaining attention usually use simple present tense.

Example :
- Attention please !
- Exuce me
- May I have your attention , please ?
- Look here .
- Listen to me , please
- Waiter ?

Respon :
- Wow, really ?
- I'm listening
- It's amazing !
- What happened then ?

Past perfect

Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an Action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed of finished certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to Express an Action or an event that had happened before that other event or actionhappened.

Formula of Verbal Sentence
+ SUBJECT + HAD + V3
- SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + V3
? HAD + SUBJECT + V3?

Example:
+ She had slept when I came last night.
- She had not slept when I came last night.
? Had she slept when I came last night?

Formula of Nominal Sentence
+ SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN+ NON VERB

- SUBJECT + HAD +NOT + BEEN+ NON VERB

? HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN+ NON VERB?

Example:
+ I had been there when the accident hapenned.
- I had not been Three when the accident hapenned.
? Had had been there when the accident hapenned?

I had = I’d
You had = You’d
We had = We’d
They had = they’d
He had = he’d
She had = She’d
It had = It’d

INVITATION (WRITING)

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
There are two types of invitation.
They are Formal Invitation and Informal Invitation.
-Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.
-Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

How to Write An Invitation??

Step 1
Before you write an invitation, decide on the tone, voice and level of formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A preprinted or personalized invitation.

Step 2
Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations.

Step 3
Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality. For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might say, 'Please join us.'

Step 4
Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a simple get-together.

Step 5
Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your telephone number.
R.S.V.P. which means "please reply.“The person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or her whether you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or not?

Step 6
Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped, self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite.

Step 7
Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send invitations around Thanksgiving.

Example
- Extending (mengundang)
- Let’s go to the Keroncong Festival!
- Please try to come!
- I hope you’ll join us!
- If you are not busy, pleset come to my party!
- Shall we see the film?
- I would like to invite you come to my house!

Accepting (menerima)
- Great! Let’s do it!
- Thank you. I’d like to!
- That’s a good idea!
- That would be very nice!
- Thank you for invitation!

Declining (menolak)/refusing:
- I’m really sorry about that.
- Sorry. I can’t. I have to do something.
- I’d love to. But I can’t.
- Sorry. I really busy.
- (If you declining an invitation, please give a reason)

FINITE VERBS

Definition:
Finite verbs (sometimes called main verbs) are verb forms suitable for use in predicates in that they carry inflections or other formal characteristics limiting their number(singular / plural), person, and tense(past / present etc). Finite verbs can function on their own as the core of an independent sentence.

For example

• I walked, they walk, and she walks are finite verbs
  * (to) walk is an infinitive.
• I lived in Germany.
  * "I" is the subject. "Lived" describes what the subject did. "Lived" is a finite verb.

Examples

• The truck demolished the restaurant.
• The leaves were yellow and sickly.

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

INTRODUCTORY IT

A To understand this lesson is easy.

B It is easy to understand this lesson.

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.

A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduce mainly to make the meaning of C easier to understand.

Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.

Introductory “it” as a subject:

To watch musical programs is pleasant.

It is pleasant to watch musical program.

To play football must be fun.

It is fun to play Basket ball 

Surprise and Disbeliefs

Surprises or disbeliefs is an expression that we show/ say when know/ hear/ see something that rather difficult to believe.

* To express surprise :
- What a surprise !
- That's a surprise !
- (Well), that's very surprising !
- Really ?

*Responding to express surprise :
- Yeah !
- It is
- Yup
- Sure

*When you got a surprising fact, you can say :
- Do you know what ?
- Believe it or not ?
- You may not believe it, but...
- Can you believe this ?

Example of exressing surprise :
Nila : Whose motorbike is that ?
Sisy : It's Nicko's
Nila : Are you kidding me ?
Sisy : No. I'm not. I saw he riding that motorbike this morning.
Nila : What a surprise !

*To expressing disbelief :
- I don't believe it
- It can't be true
- I can't think of it
- I don't trust you

Example of expressing disbeliefs :
Dewi : Do you know ? You get the best score at English test!
Pamela : What ? I don't believe that.
Dewi : This is fact !
Pamela : Woow! That's very surprise !

Gratitude compliment and congratulation

Gratitude is also called thanking.
We say “thank you” when people give us something, help we do something, give a compliment, wish us something, etc.
Expressing gratitude:
- I should like to express my gratitude
-Thank you very much
- Thanks for your help
-How can I thank you?
-I’m very grateful to you
-I can’t thank you enough
-I’m very much obliged to you.

Responding:
- It was the least I could do
- You’re welcome
- No big deal
- Don’t mention it
- It’s a pleasure
- That’s all right
- Any time


Compliment is expression that use to give praising to other people.
Some people use compliment to butter up somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will.
Complimenting:
- Good grade!
- Nice work
- Excellent!
- Good job!
- You look great
- What a nice t-shirt
- I really must express my admiration for your dance
- You look very nice (beautiful/handsome)


Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.
Congratulating:
- I must congratulate you
- Please accept my warmest congratulations
- I’d like to be first to congratulate you
- Congratulations on your success
- Congrats! Finally, your dream comes true!

Direct and Indirect speech

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word.

For example:

Nicky said, “It’s hot”.

Or

“It’s hot,” Nicky said.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.

The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

▪ Note: The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are: Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind

▪ Don’t forget to mention the indirect object. Father warned me not to drive fast.

For example:

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple Past simple

Vita said, “I eat fried rice”. Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple Past Perfect

Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”. Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Future simple Past Future

Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.

Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”. Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.

Present continuous Past continuous

Gama said, “I am playing football”. Gama said he was playing football.

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

She said, “I was teaching earlier.” She said she had been teaching earlier.

In time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago	Then That day/that night The day before/the previous day The next/following day The previous week The following week/the week after Before
This/these Here Pronouns	That/those There They change according to the context

News Item

News item is factual text which informs the reader about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Social function of news item is : to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

- Generic Structure
* Newsworthy event (s) : recount the event in summary form
*Background Event (s) : elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances
* Sources : comment by participants in, withesses to and authorities to and authorities expert on the event

- Signification grammar features :
* Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
* Generally using simple past tense
* Use of material processes to retell the event
* Using action verbs , (,) : were, run, go, kill, etc
* Using saying verbs , (.) : say, tell
* Focus on circumstances
* Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible
1. The passive voice is used with out the approprianto form of “be”
2. It is unusually to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing orde ueloping, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.

Passive voice

In the passive sentence, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. Intransitive verbs such as happen, sleep, come and seem cannot be used in the passive.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Agent
In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.

Pattern: be + past participle
Example:
- The boy are listening to a story.
The story was being told by grandfather.

- Snow white eats a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is eaten by snow white

- Snow white is eating a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is being eaten by snow white

- Snow white has eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple has been eaten by snow white

- Snow white ate a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple was eaten by snow white

- Snow white was eating a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple was being eaten by snow white

- Snow white had eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple had been eaten by snow white

- Snow white will eat a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple will be eaten by snow white

- Snow white is going to eat a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is going to be eaten by snow white

- Snow white will have eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple will have been eaten by snow white

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals in the past form

Modals
present	Past
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

1. Could + Verb base

ô to offer suggestions or possibilities

Example:

Patrick : Oh, no! I left my shorts.

Spongebob : Don’t worry, Patrick. You could borrow my shorts.

Asmi : I’m having trouble with English.

Randah : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.

ô to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.

Example:

Tasya : Ras, can you climb the durian tree?

Rasya : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young.

But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.

Mia : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?

Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river

very well and faster.

ô to express polite requests

Example: Could I borrow your pencil (please)?

Could you lend me your jacket now?

Could you please close the door?

Could you pass the salt?

2. Would + Verb base

ô for an action that was repeated regularly in the past

Example:

When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.

On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.

ô insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences

Example:

Justin : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?

Eminem : I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Angel : Which country would you rather visit?

Maria : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.

ô to express polite requests

Example:

Andi : Would you mind cycling with me, Kala?

Kala : No, not at all. It would be nice.

Mikola : Would you please pass the helmet, Bella?

Bella : No problem

3. Should + Verb base

ô to give definite advice (advisability)

Example:

Bunda : Putri, you should study tonight.

You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?

Putri : I will, Bunda.

Debby : You should paint your door, Bobby. It looks terrible.

Bobby : Yes, I know I should.

ô to express the subject’s obligation or duty

Example: You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)

They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.

Application should be sent before March 25^th.

4. Might + Verb base

ô to tell possibilities

Example:

David : Where is Deddy?

Copperfield : He might be in the studio with Kalina.

ô To express polite requests

Example:

Tian     : Might I borrow your coat?

Ringgo : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for weeks and

             I don’t know when he’ll return it.

Narrative Text

Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/ fables/myths/epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

Generic Structures: Orientation - Complication - Evaluation (optional) - Resolution

Orientation: it is about WHO, WHEN, and WHERE the story happened.
Evaluation: is optional; it is usually used to make the story more interesting.
Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.
Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.

Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.

Example: The story of Cinderella, Snow White, Snow Maiden, The Little Pear Girl, The Ugly Duckling, etc.

Example of narrative text :

Noun Phrases

1. Noun phrases is constraction function as subject and object .
2. Noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words
containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or
pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

- Kinds of noun phrases :
a. Noun + Noun, example : Office boy
b. Verb + Noun, example : Take a bath
c. Gerund + Noun, example : Throwing ball
d. Pronoun + Noun, example : My book
e. Adjective + Noun, example : Black board
f. Determiner + Noun, example : A pen

- The noun phrases in English composed petenhally of 3 parts, there are :
a. Head : The most usual kind of head of a noun phrases.
b. Pre Modification : Consists of a number of word classes in a specific order.
c. Post Modification : Must commonly used not by specific word classes or subclasses.

Example 1 :
Shaggy : Do you like books ?
Jojo : Yes, I like them.
Shaggy : Do you like books over there?
Jojo : Yes, they are nice.
Shaggy : Do you like the book which I brought yesterday?
Jojo : Yes, I like it.

Example 2 :
- Nicko was late
( Nicko is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb)

- Some noun phrase are short :
* The student

- Some are long :
* The very tall education consultant.

Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

Form “Will”

[will + verb]

Example : (+) I will go to your home tonight.

                      (-)  I will not go to your home tonight.

                      (?) Will I go to your home tonight?

Form “Be Going To”

[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Example : (+) She is going to go to French next week.

                 (-)  She is not going to go to French next week.

                 (?) Is she going to go to French next week?

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples:

·       I will send you the information when I get it.

·       I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.

·       Will you help me move this heavy table?

·       Will you make dinner?

·       I will not do your homework for you.

·       I won't do all the housework myself!

·       A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.

·       A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.

·       A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.

Examples:

·       I will call you when I arrive.

·       If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.

·       I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

·       Don't worry, I'll be careful.

·       I won't tell anyone your secret.

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.

Examples:

·       He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.

·       She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.

·       A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.

·       I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.

·       Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.

·       They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.

·       Who are you going to invite to the party?

·       A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:

·       The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.

·       The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

·       John Smith will be the next President.

·       John Smith is going to be the next President.

·       The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.

·       The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:

• The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

• John Smith will be the next President.
• John Smith is going to be the next President.

• The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
• The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

 

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.

Examples:

• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
• When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

• You will never help him.
• Will you ever help him?

• You are never going to meet Jane.
• Are you ever going to meet Jane?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

• John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
• The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

• Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
• A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive